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COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



MODERNIZED WATERPROOFING 

AS RELATED TO ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING 



FOUNDATION SECURITY 



There is no worth}' record of any serious effort to 
improve, to modernize, and to place on a scientific basis 
the methods, as well as the materials, of the art of water- 
proofing — as related to Architecture and Engineering. 

The safety of every structure, whether a twenty story 
office building, anchored seventy feet below the ground 
surface, or a modest suburban residence, depends primarily 
upon the security of its foundation. 

No foundation is secure which is not proof against, and 
can be weakened bv wafer. 



The very essence of every specification should be to 
prevent the percolation of water into foundations. For 
work so vital there should be specified and used only 
the best, the most modern materials possibly obtainable, 
notwithstanding that in the past it may have been customary 
to employ cheaper and inferior materials, — simply because 
of the lack of something better and safer. 

The following, from the March (1904) issue of 
" Architecture," is to the point : — 



WATERPROOFING: 

ITS IMPORTANCE AND DEVELOPMENT 



' ' The increasing use of concrete in all manner of structural 
work, especially in foundations, emphasizes the necessity of a 
reliable material and method for waterproofing. Concrete 
is not in itself waterproof, and no foundation through which 



water percolates is safe. Painting iron ma}- preserve it. 

Painting, however, a porous brick or concrete wall may, in a 

measure, make it damp proof, but cannot make it water proof. 

"Time was when a coatinsr of tar alone was used for 







BALLASTED FLOOR BRIDGES I TRACK RLEVATION WORK i i;.\ 

AT CHICAGO. "HYIiKKX" WATERPROOFING MATERIALS OVER DECK 



INDIANA K. R. 



waterproofing, but the tar cracked clear through with any 
settling or cracking of the masonry. 

Burlap was afterward used to reinforce the tar, but did 
not prevent the hardened tar from cracking, and burlap 
being not waterproof was practically useless. 

Later came tar paper, which, though for the same use 
is superior to burlap, soon becomes dry and brittle and lacks 
tensile strength and durability. 

The now generally accepted best material is a strong, 
fibrous felt, waterproof, coated (containing no tar), and pre- 
pared especially for underground conditions, several sheets 
of the felt, as applied on the work, being cemented to- 



gether with an elastic waterproof compound, the combination 
forming a flexible waterproof strata of alternate layers of 
cement and felt, each layer in itself absolutely waterproof. 

The chief requisite in a waterproofing substance is 
elasticity. This strata is so pliable that it can be bent, 
twisted, etc., and whether in a building foundation or 
enveloping a tunnel, readily conforms and sets to the 
concrete, in which it is usually embedded. 

This is the method used in leading modern work. In 
the Pennsylvania Tunnel under New York City specifications 
call for six layers of this special felt, namely 'Hydrex felt, 
as made by F. IV. Bird & Son, of East Walpole, Mass.' " 



MATERIALS 



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As above indicated, the use of " mastic," or of a layer, of 
an inch or more, of tar or asphalt alone, is, for permanent 
water-tight work, absolutely worthless. The basic necessity 
in all waterproofing is a waterproof felt, i.e., a waterproof 
membrane, which in three, four, or six layers may be formed 
into a pliable, elastic, waterproof stratum. Ordinary dry, 
uncoated tar paper or so-called "asphalt felts" serve 
temporarily, and to a certain degree, but are antiquated, 
"old-school" materials, and are imperfect for permanent 
waterproofing. 

' ' Hydrex ' ' Felt is specially made for a special purpose, — 



viz : for underground waterproofing conditions. It contains 
NO TAR. It is peculiarly pliable, elastic, and tough, — the 
first essentials in a waterproofing material. 

" Hydrex " Felt must not be confounded with tar paper, 
or so-called "asphalt felts." It is widely different, — 
in fiber, in saturation, — in its entire composition. It is 
designed and made on certain defined scientific principles, — 
for one, a hydrostatic principle. f (I -- 

Tar paper, for example, is not in itself waterproof. 
" Hydrex " Felt is absolutely waterproof 

Again : Hot tar usually burns the fiber and life out 




WAR COLLEGE BUILDII 



WASHINGTON, V. C. SEVERAL LAYERS OK HVDREX USED FOR WATERPROOFING 
FOUNDATIONS, AND ONE LAYER UNDER SLATE ROOF , 



of dry, brittle, uncoated tar paper, and so-called "asphalt 
felts," — a defect not discovered until in the course of years 
the percolation of water is apparent. " Hydrex " Felt is so 



protected, as well as preserved, by an elastic, shell-like 
coating as not to be injured by the application of the 
hot liquid. 



STANDARDIZATION 



Briefly: "Hydrex" Felt is the most advanced, the 
highest type of waterproofing felt now made. It is the 
result of long study and of extensive and varied water- 
proofing experience. It has stood the strongest and 
severest tests. It has received the highest endorsements — 
as practically demonstrated by its specification by leading 
Engineers, Architects, the U. S. Government, and its use 
in the largest and most important work. Though originally 



made for underground conditions, the felt is also exten- 
sively specified and used — in three or more layers — as 
a base for tile, vitrified brick, slag, and gravel roofing, 
between wooden floors, under concrete and cement 
floors, etc., etc., and has aided and been used in per- 
fectly setting a standard for waterproofing iron bridges, 
especially over city streets, in track elevation work on 
railroads, etc., etc. 



APPLICATION 



As the waterproofing material is important, so is the 
application thereof important, likewise the proper construc- 
tion of the foundation or other thing to be waterproofed, so 
as to properly provide for and receive correct application. 
In such matters we render service by giving architects and 
engineers the benefit of our experience. We are the 
only manufacturers who have specialized underground 



waterproofing work, improved methods of construction, 
and made for the peculiar conditions special materials, — 
manufactured throughout in our own mills, where we 
have been making papers and felts since 1817. To-day 
"Hydrex" Waterproofing methods and materials are 
accepted by the professions and in Government and Rail- 
road circles as STANDARD. 








KORYh GERMAN LLOYD PIERS, HOBOKEN N. J. 400,000 SQUARK FEET HYDREX USED IN THE! 1 i"" 1 R* 

FOR WATERPROOFING FLOORS PER OUS "COLD PROCESS" 



HOW TO SPECIFY 



Specifications should call for from two to five layers of 
" Hydrex " Felt, laid shingle fashion, cemented together 
with " Hydrex " Compound swabbed on very hot and quickly, 
and the felt immediately well pressed therein. 

The above, according to conditions and plans, for 
waterproofing: — Office Buildings, Tunnels, Railroad Shops, 
Reservoirs, Power Houses, Concrete Floors, Railroad Bridges 
(per new method), Stone Arches, Dry Docks, Swimming 
Tanks, Magazines, Batteries, Fortifications. 

Also as a base for Roofs — tile, vitrified brick, slag, 
gravel. 

Between Wooden Floors — in mills, warehouses, fac- 
tories, refrigerator cars, piers, department stores, etc., one 
or two layers of the Felt may be used as a waterproof 
interlining. By our "Cold Process" no heat is required 
and fire danger is obviated. A floor interlining of 
" Hydrex " Felt, etc., would prevent water from leaking or 
let-loose sprinklers reaching other floors. This construction 



is also in line with the recommendations of the Fire 
Underwriters. 

Under slate, tin, or copper roofs use one layer of 
"Hydrex" as a permanent preservative and protection, in 
substitution of tar paper, or dry, not waterproof, cheap 
building paper which corrode and destroy the tin, 
nails, etc. 

For damp proofing (not waterproofing) walls, or paint- 
ing and preserving structural iron, Railroad Bridges, etc., 
use "Hydrex" Cement, applied with a brush, cold, like 
paint. Very elastic, does not flake or peel. Sulphur, gas, and 
acid fume proof. One gallon covers 200 square feet or more. 

" Hydrex" Compound, melted, and applied hot, covers 
about 100 square feet per gallon. 

"Hydrex" Felt is 36 inches wide. Shipped in rolls 
of 200 square feet. 

Three layers of " Hydrex " Felt usually specified to five 
of tar paper and so-called "asphalt felt." 



WE DRAW WATERPROOFING SPECIFICATIONS AND WILL BE PLEASED 
TO HAVE YOU CONSULT US 




GOVERNMENT FORTIFICATIONS, FORT HAMILTON, N. V. HYDREX LARGELY USED FOR WATERPROOFING MAGAZINES. 

6o,000 SQUARE FEET USED IN THIS BATTERY 




' ' HYDREX ' 
| Ex-water] 



PAXTANG ELECTRIC CO.'S POWER HOUSE, 
HARRISBURG, PA. 

Foundations and engine-wells waterproofed with 
Hydrex Felt 




PROF. ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL'S RESIDENCE, WASHINGTON, D. C. 
SWIMMING POOL WATERPROOFED WITH HYDREX 




STARTING HYDREX WATERPROOFING FELT AS A DAMP COURSE THROUGH THE WALLS IN ONE OF THE SHOPS 

OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY R. R., SAYRE, PA. 



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OVXSEVOORT COLD 



NEW YORK CITY. FLOORS WATERPROOFED WITH HVDREX 




STANDARD BUTTERINE CO.'S BUILDTNGS, WASHINGTON, D. C. 
THREE LAYERS USED TO WATERPROOF FLOORS 




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3ROS., CHOCOLATE FACTORY, 
NEW YORK CITY 




CHICAGO AND WESTERN INDIANA R. R. BRIDGES, CHICAGO, ILL., SHOWING APPLICATION OF HYDREX 

PER OUR NEW METHOD 




NEW SHOPS, LEHIGH VAELEY R. K., SAYRE, PA., SHOWING VIliM 

WATERPROOFED WITH HYDREX 



LEHOUSE F' 








UNITED STATES ARMY MESS HAU, WASHINGTON BARRACKS, WASHINGTON, D. C. HVDREN UNDER SLATE ROOF 




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POWER HOUSE OF D. & H. R. R., BINGHAMTON, N. Y. FOUNDATIONS WATERPROOFED WITH HYDREX 




The FELT is the principal thing — 
and it must be specially made 
for waterproofing conditions. 



BESSEMER BUILDING, PITTSBURG, PA. 

HYDREX IN SEVERAL LAYERS AS A BASE FOR 

TILE AND VITRIFIED BRICK ROOFING 




DELAWARE, LACKAWANNA & WESTERN R. R. SHOPS, NEWARK, ] 
HYDREX USED FOR WATERPROOFING AND DAMP COURSING 




HYDREX i. PIJED in TUNNEI, WORK 



A FEW AMONG MANY OTHER PLACES WHERE "HYDREX" 
HAS BEEN USED OR IS NOW SPECIFIED 



Pennsylvania R. R. Tunnel under New York 
City. 

Penn. R. R. and B. & O. Tunned under Wash- 
ington, D. C. 

State Hospital Building, Harrisburg, Pa. 

Hartford Carpet Co.'s Factory, Hartford, Ct. 

Delaware & Hudson River R. R. Power 
Houses, Oueonta and Plattsburg, N. Y. 

Carnegie Library, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Young Men's Christian Association Buildings 
(swimming tanks, etc.), Ossining, N. Y., and 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Providence Journal Bldg., Providence, R. I. 

College of the City of New York (New 
Buildings). 

Swift & Co.'s Cold Storage Buildings, New 
York City. 



National Enamelling & Stamping Co. (Floors), 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Erie R. R., Stations, Subways, Etc. 

Bellefield Apartment Hotel, Pittsburg, Pa. 

Empire Building, Clarksburg, W. Va. 

Diamond National Bank Building, Pittsburg, Pa. 

Huyler's New Candy Factory, New York City. 

Bellevue Hospital (New), New York City. 

Long Island R. R., Flatbush Avenue Ter- 
minal, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

New York Central & H. R. R. R. Power 
Houses. 

Henry Heide's New Candy Factory (Floors), 
New York City. 

Arbuckle's (Sugar and Coffee) Factory, Brooklyn, 
N. Y. 

Manila Electric R. R. Power Houses, Philip- 
pine Islands. 



" Hydrex " standard for foundations, tunnels, concrete floors, roofs (as a base for tile, vitrified brick, 
concrete, slag, etc.), dry docks, reservoirs, magazines, batteries, refrigerator cars, bridges, stone arches, etc., etc. 



FEB IS 1901 




a^u. I f fJcS^ 





7 



Hydeex Felt & Engineering Co. 

Makers of Felts, Cements and Compounds 

SPECIALISTS IX 

Modernized Waterproofing for Structural Work 



» 



Foundations, Tunnels, Bridges, Waterworks, Etc. 
ESTIMATES, PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS 



NEW YORK 

120 Liberty Street 



WASHINGTON 

lllO F Street, N. W. 



CHICAGO 

1434 Monadnock Bldq. 



Cable i " HYDREX," NEW YORK 



East Walpolb 
Mass. 



€ 



LBdL '05 



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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




